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Oct 25, 2012

Circumstance

Circumstance
Circumstance gives information about a process. It can appear in the form of prepositional phrase (in the house), adverbial group (so quickly), or nominal group function as adverb (all week).
Type of Circumstance
Answer the Question
Example
EXTENT
How long?
How far?
How many times?
for two hour
for two miles
five times a week
LOCATION
Where?
When?
in the yard
after dinner
CONTINGENCY
If what?
 in the case of rain
in the absence of teacher
CAUSE
What for?
Why?
for a rest
because of the earthquake
ACCOMPANIMENT
With whom?
And who else?
But not who?
with  my mother
as well as John
Instead of Kate

MATTER
What about?
about famine
ROLE
As what?
as a friend
MANNER
MEANS
QUALITY
COMPARISON
How?
With what?
How?
What like?
by car
with a stick
neatly
like a trooper
ANGLE
According to whom?
according to Luke

Verb usually occur in particular process


Nominalisatition


Behavioral Process


Behavioral Process

Mickey Mouse smiled a broad smile
A process that is realized by verbal group which encodes physiological and psychological behavior is called Behavioral process.
Participant roles in this process are:
Behaver: person or animal having the behavior, usually endowed with consciousness. Most behavioral processes ONLY have a single participant, and that’s the Behaver.
Behavior: found in very few cases in which the behavior usually repeats the behavioural process with some added attribute (he breathed a deep breath)

Example:
Mickey Mouse
smiled
a broad smile
Behaver
Process: Behavioral
Behavior

Existential Process


Existential Process

Once upon a time, there was a beautiful fairy
A process that is realized by verbal group which the function is to set up the existence of a sole Participant is called Existential process.
Participant role in this process is
Existent: it is the participant that the process introduces as existing, as having existence.

Example:
Once upon a time
there was
a beautiful fairy
Circumstance: Location (Time)
Process: Existential
Existent



Relational Process

Relational Process


A process that is realized by verbal group which encodes relationships of being and having between two participants is called RELATIONAL process.
Relational process that establishes an identity is called Identifying Process, and Relational process which assigns a quality is known as Attributive process.

Participant roles in Attributive process are:
Mr.Taylor
has
a broken leg
Carrier
Process: Relational Attributive
Attribute

Mr.Taylor
is
the kindest neighbor
Token
Process: Relational Identifying
Value

The chip
is
small
Carrier
Process: Relational Attributive
Attribute

The chip
is
is the brain of computer
Token
Process: Relational Identifying
Value